Det bedste vi kan gøre for os selv, hinanden, biodiversiteten og Moder Jord, er at plante flere planter. Selv den enlige krydderurt i altankassen gør en forskel for byens hårdtprøvede bestøvere, ligesom et par selvsåede pionertræer gør en forskel, når den forurenede jord i haven skal renses og revitaliseres.

Metoden hedder fytoremediering fra græsk Fyto / Plante og latin Remedium / Genoprette el. balance. Det er en naturligt langsom proces, men anerkendt som metode til kemisk oprensning af jord, vand og luft i både Danmark, Europa og Nordamerika. Vi bor alle på den samme jord og indånder den samme luft. Og siden tid er den eneste ikke-fornybare ressource vi alle sammen har, hvad giver så mere mening, end at bruge tiden på at gøre hvad vi kan for vores lille fælles habitat.

Der er forsket i fytoremediering i årtier, og der er enighed om at naturens metoder virker. Det er ikke en quick-fix løsning. Oprensning af forurenet jord kan tage årtier, måske en generation, men det virker og det gør en forskel for dyrelivet og biodiversiteten allerede fra første sæson. Flere blomster og flere bier.

For os der bor i byerne, starter de grønne ambitioner med at bruge hovedet til at lægge skærmen fra sig og sætte sig til at dagdrømme et øjeblik om kønne planter, renere luft, graciøse sommerfugle og lyden af en humlebi. Hvis det du ser og hører på din indre widescreen får dig til at smile lidt og boble inden i, så er der meget kort fra tanke til handling. Få fat i nogle sunde planter og en smule god jord, så dine planter kan komme godt fra start. Derfra handler det om at du har lyst til at gøre dig umage. Fornemme hvordan du er i dialog med dit nærmiljø, mærke om planterne trives, iagttage hvordan liv tiltrækker mere liv. Så du på din egen hjemmebane oplever at natur tiltrækker mere natur og at det nytter noget.

Hvis du har en altan eller på anden vis er nødt til at plante i krukker, så er det en god ide at have styr på vandingen af planterne. Om du vil installere drypvanding, bruge selvvandingskrukker eller prioritere at vande med vandkande er ikke det vigtigste. Det vigtigste er at du planter tæt og varieret og har en plan for de uger om sommeren, hvor der er stor sandsynlighed for tørkeperioder og hedebølger. Effekten af at plante i krukker er til at overse ift. rensning af luft, jord og grundvand. Til gengæld vil det gøre en reel forskel for biodiversiteten i dit nærmiljø og med sandsynlighed også gøre noget godt for dit humør.

Konkret for dig med en kolonihave på lejet grund, en have på en gammel fabriksgrund eller en baggård i byen, hvor der måske har ligget en tankstation eller en malervarer fabrik, så handler det om at få en masse planter i jorden, så det forurenede areal revitaliseres med arter der har en kraftig afdampning fra bladene, kombineret med pælerod eller et kraftigt og vandsøgende rodnet.

Herunder er der en liste med træer, buske og flerårige, der fungerer ift. fytoremediering, de har alle dybe rødder og ikke er kræsne ift. vokseplads. Disse arter har alle god sorption, dvs. at de kan binde og optage de miljøfremmede stoffer. Og nedenunder er der en liste med planter, der pga. deres høje indhold af nektar og pollen er vigtige planter til dyrelivet. Fri leg og plads til dagdrømme.

Under plantelisterne er der kort beskrevet hvordan man kan gribe etableringen an i offentligt regi. Sidst er der en fantastisk lang og smuk litteraturliste til dem som ønsker at dykke ned i videnskaben.

Verden består af muligheder og løsningsmodeller.
Laboremus Pro Gaia
Kh Boe Sallingboe

 

Træ-arter med god sorption
Ask, Fraxinus Excelsior   
Bævreasp, Populus tremola
Bøg, Fagus sylvatica
Eg, Stilkeg, Quercus robur
Eg, Vintereg, Quercus petraea
Hestekastanje, Aesculus hippocastanum
Pile slægten, Saliceae / Salix
Poppel, Populus alba
Rundbladet bærmispel, Amelanchier ovalis
Tarmvridrøn, Sorbus torminalis

Staude/urte arter med god sorption
Cikorie, Cichorium intybus
Honningurt, Phacelia tanacetifolia
Industri Hamp, Cannabis industrialis
Lucerne, Medicago sativa

Hårdføre planter med særlig appel til bier og bestøvere
Almindelig liguster, ligustrum vulgare
Almindelig merian, Origanum vulgare
Almindelig røllike, Achillea millefolium
Almindelig syre, Rumex acetosa
Anis isop, Agastache foeniculum
Blåmunke, Jasione montana
Enggedeskæg, Tragopogon pratensis
Høstborst, Leontodon autumnalis
Håret kongepen, Hypochaeris maculata
Isop, Hyssopus officinalis
Sargentæble, Malus sargentii
Smalbladet klokkeblomst, Campanula persicifolia
Småblomstret salvie, Salvia nemorosa


For en forurenet grund et sted i Danmark, kunne et springbræt til at skabe handling se sådan ud:

Et offentligt fytoremedieringsprojekt kunne være at samle trådene og bringe studerende fra tekniske skoler og gartneruddannelsen sammen med kommunale vej & park folk og mennesker der deltager i arbejdsforløb ifm. sociale ydelser og overførselsindkomster.

På denne måde kan en bredt sammensat gruppe lokale mennesker etablere et arbejdsfællesskab med solid vidensdeling, Det forankrer kompetencerne lokalt og er med til at sikre at skovrejsning til revitalisering af forarmede brakmarker og industrielt forurenede grunde bliver en succes. Perspektivet er en 10-25 års cyklus afhængigt af forureningsgraden og hvilken lokal natur der vil kunne trives på sigt.

Ved at lade hurtigt voksende pionerarter med jord rensende kvaliteter stå mellem 3-10 år, afhængigt af art, og årligt at genplante 1-årige som frø, så vil man allerede efter 2. år kunne starte med at plante hjemmehørende og langsomt voksende skovtræer.

Ved årligt at regulere tilvæksten og hvert andet år at supplere bestanden og diversiteten med fokus på hjemmehørende arter, vil man i løbet af 5-10 år have et reelt habitat. Dette kan udvikles til gammel skov, med de højeste arter, f.eks. eg og bøg, plantet mod nord, så de ikke skygger for de mindre og de langsommelige, f.eks. taks og enebær.

Alene i Danmark bruger staten årligt ca. 100 mio. på at opgrave og deponere forurenet jord fra grunde. Her er modellen at erhverve grundene enten som køb eller langtidsleje, for at etablere natur på dem. For bynære jordlodder vil der blive tale om rekreative vilde arealer til borgerne, for dyre og plantelivet vil der blive tale om et habitat der i løbet af 12-36 måneder vil være fuldt begrønnet og for staten vil der være tale om en win-win. Vi mener at der kun er gode grunde til at afprøve nye metoder i praksis, særligt for at sikre handling her og nu ift. at give miljøet og biodiversiteten en hjælpende hånd og ikke spilde ressourcerne på snak.

Litteraturliste til videre studier

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